省级课题《少先队生命自护活动课程的构建与实施策略研究》——“生命自护安全急救”教师(教学及生活教师）培训简报（2020年11月20日）

2020年11月20日下午，成都美视学校中国部·小学省级课题《少先队生命自护课程的构建与实施策略研究》邀请到“一家一救”联合创始人、美国心脏协会急救员导师、野外医学高级会员、儿童院前急救高级讲师文溢老师到校，给中国部·小学全体教师以“生命自护安全急救”为主题，进行了教师培训。

培训内容分为四个版块：（一）急救常识；（二）异物窒息；（三）头骨骼肌肉损伤；（四）以及心肺复苏。

（一）急救常识。在发生紧急状况时，我们都知道应该拨打１２０，可是如何正确拨打并求救却是很陌生。通过文老师讲解，大家意识到为了争取及时抢救的时间，拨打１２０以后，应该这样做：１、你问我答，一定不能随意挂断电话；２、必须设置一个应急联络电话；３、在１２０到达之前，保持电话畅通。同时，文老师提示所有参培老师，关注以下急救常识：１、学会用手机微信查找最近的ＡＥＤ在哪里？２、明确哪些医院可以处理儿童紧急情况，医疗储备有哪些等。

The first training section: First aid knowledge. When an emergency occurs, we all  know that we should dial 120, but we are unfamiliar with the help-seeking process. Through teacher Wen’s explanation, Everyone realizes that in order to gain time for timely rescue, after dialing 120, we should do this: 1. We must not hang up at will; 2. An emergency contact number must be set; 3. Keep the phone unblocked before 120 arrives. At the same time, Mr. Wen reminds all participating teachers to pay attention to the following first aid common sense: 1. Learn to use mobile phone WeChat to find the nearest AED? 2. Make clear which hospitals can handle children's emergencies and what medical reserves are available.

（二）：轻度异物窒息与重度异物窒息的相关常识。

文老师请到参培现场的老师老师上台做配合，给大家演示“海姆利克急救法”的操作方法，并特别提示了不同人群的相关注意事项，如：婴幼儿、老年人或脊椎病人等。通过老师参与互动做演示，大家清晰明白地了解了其操作步骤。

重要提示：解除窒息，预防为主，勤练技能。

The second training section: common knowledge about Mild and severe asphyxiation. 

Teacher Wen invited the teachers who participated in the training to cooperate and demonstrate the operation method of "Heimlik First Aid", and specially reminded the relevant precautions of different groups of people, such as: infants, young children, the elderly or patients with spine, etc.  Through the teacher's participation in the interactive demonstration, everyone clearly understood the operation steps. 

Important reminder: To relieve suffocation, take prevention first and practice skills diligently.

（三）头、骨骼、肌肉损伤相关常识。文老师特别提示了两点：１、生活中，无论成人还是儿童各部位出现紧急损伤是无法预测，但是及时正确的救助行为很重要。２、无论哪种状态下的损伤，首先应该安抚孩子的情绪，才能便于后续的施救。文老师讲到的ＲＩＣＥ四步治疗法，让老师们受益匪浅：Ｒ－－Ｒｅｓｔ　休息、Ｉ－－Ｉｃｅ　冷敷、Ｃ－－Ｃｏｍｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ　加压、Ｅ－－Ｅｌｅｖａｔｉｏｎ抬高。

The third training section: common knowledge about head, bone and muscle injuries. Teacher Wen specially reminded two points: 1. In life, it is impossible to predict the emergency injuries in various parts of adults or children, but timely and correct rescue behavior is very important.; 2. Regardless of the injury in any state, the child's emotions should be calmed first to facilitate subsequent rescue. The RICE four-step treatment in this section has benefited teachers a lot: R--Rest rest, I--Ice cold compress, C--Compression, and E--Elevation.

（四）心肺复苏的常识。

从文老师分享的小视频，参培老师们认识到：只有在患者无呼吸、无反应的状态下，才可以实施心肺复苏。文老师用自带的道具人偶与训练用的ＡＥＤ给在场老师们做演示，并就当发生心脏骤停的紧急状态下的急救进行专业细节提示：１、提示身边的人拨打１２０，并就近取来ＡＥＤ，根据ＡＥＤ语音提示进行操作；２、实施心肺复苏手法——按压胸骨下半段，深度约５里面，以每分钟１００－１２０次的速度按压３０次后，进行两次人工呼吸。

The fourth training section: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation. From the small video shared by Teacher Wen, all the teachers realized that CPR can only be performed when the patient is breathless and unresponsive. Teacher Wen used the self-contained props and AED for training to demonstrate to the teachers present, and gave professional detailed tips on first aid in an emergency when a cardiac arrest occurs: 1. Remind the people around to dial 120 and stay nearby Take the AED and operate according to the AED' s voice prompts; 2. Perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation-press the lower half of the sternum to a depth of about 5 times, press 30 times at a speed of 100-120 times per minute, and perform two times artificial respiration.

“生命自护”对每个人而言都很重要。中国部·小学不仅仅从课题研究的角度树立师生们的安全防护意识，更从真实生活场景中夯实大家理论认识与实践技能。关爱师生生命健康，我们一直在路上……

"Life self-care" is very important to everyone. Primary School of Chinese Division not only establishes the safety protection awareness of teachers and students from the perspective of subject research, but also consolidates their theoretical knowledge and practical skills from real life scenarios. Caring for the health of teachers and students, we are always on the road...